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Transformation in China
The Opium War in 1840 turned China into an illegal colony, triggering the Taiwanese Revolution, a massive uprising against the monarchy and ruling classes. -
How Colonialism Spawned and Continues to Exacerbate the Climate Crisis
By the end of the nineteenth century, French colonizers in North and West Africa banned rural communities from utilizing centuries-old subsistence farming methods. The need for natural resources resulted in deforestation and environmental damage in colonized areas. -
Rise of Socialism
A social and economic doctrine that calls for public rather than private ownership or control of property and natural resources. The first modern socialists were early 19th-century Western European social critics. In this period socialism emerged from a diverse array of doctrines and social experiments associated primarily with British and French thinkers. -
Communist Manifesto
About the class struggle between he bourgeoisie and the proletariat and calling for a revolution to overthrow the capitalist system -
Opium War
The Opium Wars in the mid-nineteenth century marked a significant turning point in Chinese history. China and the UK fought in the first Opium War from 1839-1842, while China's weaker state faced Great Britain and France in the Second Opium War, ultimately losing both. -
Indian Uprising
The Indian Rebellion of 1857 was a great rebellion in India in 1857-59 against the control of the British East India Company, which served as the British Crown's sovereign power. -
Mokrani Revolt
The revolution began on March 16, 1871, with an uprising of about 250 tribes, representing approximately one third of the country's population. It was led by the Kabyles of the Biban mountains, commanded by Cheikh Mokrani and his brother. This continued until January 20, 1872. -
A Lost Generation
a lost generation refers to a group of emigrant americans writers who worked in europe between ww1 and the greatest depression. a disillusionment in world war 1 society, loss of identify, and traditions. -
African Resistance to Colonialism
African resistance to colonial control varied significantly over time, ranging from completely combat to a battle of words and logic. However, some of the most interesting resistance emerged from both the success and failure of African military resistance. -
Sino-Japanese War
Sino-Japanese war was the conflict between Japan and China in 1894 to 1895 that marked Japan as a major world power and demonstrated the weakness of the Chinese Empire. This war was located at Taiwan, Korea, Manchuria, and the Yellow Sea. -
Wireless Telegraph
Guglielmo Marconi invented wireless telegraph on June 2, 1896 at England. The German Navy was using this tool and this was created for communicating between in two different locations without the need of connected wire. Used for pilots communicating and to alert the soldiers about an attack or allowing them time to put on gas masks. -
Maji Maji Rebellion
The Maji Maji Rebellion began on 1905 to 1907. It was an armed struggle against German colonial rule in German East Africa which is in Tanzania now. Matumbi people started war on the Germans by destroying a symbol of their oppression under. However, the rebellion failed making Germans leave from East Africa. -
Colonial Violence
People who defied the colonial authorities faced harsh penalties like beatings and sometimes death. Colonial officials had the power to force locals to work as laborers and punish entire towns for the actions of a single individual. -
The Mexican Revolution
The thirty year dictatorship in Mexico ended and a constitutional republic was established as a result of the Mexican Revolution, which witnessed several groups form unstable alliances. -
World War One
The First World War was a global battle fought by two alliances: the Allies and the Central Powers. Fighting occurred across Europe, the Middle East, Africa, the Pacific, and parts of Asia. -
The First World War as a Global War
The First World War marked the first really worldwide battle. From 1914 to 1918, conflict occurred on many continents, at sea, and, for the first time, in the air. This was conflict on an unparalleled scale, with engagements lasting months rather than days. -
The Russian Revolution
The Russian Revolution was a period of social and political transformation in the Russian Empire that began in 1917. The Russian Revolution's major events were the Revolution of 1905, in which workers attempted but failed to gain minor reforms, the February Revolution, which created democracy in Russia, and the October Revolution, which established a Communist government and destroyed democracy. -
February Revolution
The key factors that caused the revolution was because of the concentration of political power in the hands of the monarchy, the faiure of the monarchy to conduct the war in an effective matter, social and economic stratification. -
Minister Kerensky
Minister Kerensky proclaimed Russia a Republic on September 1, 1917. Although it was a setback for the right, Kerensky failed to emerge winner from the Kornilov rebellion. -
Mussolini
He was an Italian nationalist and the founder of Italian Fascism, a movement that would plunge most of Europe into darkness. He ruled Italy between 1922 - 1925 as Prime Minister. Mussolini's Fascist takeover of Italy was an inspiration. -
Egyptian Independence
The Suez Canal i the 19th century, the important shortcut between Europe and the Indian ocean and it reshaped global networks and became a political and economic target. The Egyptians sold their portio to the British government and the company owned by the British Empire in 1880s. -
Chinese Communist Revolution
The Communists were able to mobilize a massive army of peasants with their program of radical land reform and gradually began winning open battles against the KMT which is Kuomintang. -
The Great Depression
The worst economic downturn in US history. It began in 1929 and did not abate until the end of the 1930s. The stock market crash of October 1929 signaled the beginning of the Great Depression. BY 1933, unemployment was at 25 percent and more than 5,000 banks had gone out of business. -
Decolonization of Middle East
The process of decolonization of the middle east, was a process of transition of control from various hands.The earliest transition was affected during world war I. Though the transition was smooth, it was marked by some violent events. -
The Second World War
It was the biggest and deadliest war in history, involving ore than 30 countries. Sparked by the 1939 Nazi invasion of Poland, the war dragged on for six bloody years until the Allies defeated the Axis powers of Nazi Germany, Japan and Italy in 1945. -
Holocaust
The Holocaust was the systematic persecution and murder of 6 million Jews, organized by the Nazi State and its collaborators from 1933 to 1945. By 1939, Jews had been in Europe for more than 2,000 years. In Germany, they made up less than 1% of the total population. -
Art and the World Wars
Art during war reflects recruitment efforts and the harsh realities of battle. Movements like Dada and Surrealism challenge norms. In the Second World War, fascism targets art, and propaganda prevails. Post-war, the GI Bill boosts art education, giving rise to "pop art." In China, art faces restrictions under Mao Zedong, but globally, a shift towards liberation-themed art emerges. -
Worl War II Combat
After defeating the Axis in North Africa in May 1941, the United States and its Allies invaded Sicily in July 1943 and forced Italy to surrender in September. On D-Day, June 6, 1944, the Allies landed in Northern France. In December, a German counteroffensive (the Battle of the Bulge) failed. -
Nationalists vs. Communists
The Chinese Civil War was fought between the Kuomintang-led government of the Republic of China and the forces of the Chinese Communist Party -
The Cold War
An ongoing political rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies that developed after World War II -
Building a New Economy in China after the Revolution
Communists worked to improving living conditions and education in the countryside. Their goals was China's transformation into a modern industrial and agricultural nation. China's communist government also set out to establish a state-controlled economy that would advance industrial and built roads, rail roads, factories, and canals. -
The Cold War in Asia
In the late 1950s, divisions between China and the Soviet Union deepened, culminating in the Sino Soviet split, and the two then vied for control of communist movements across the world, especially in Asia. -
Algerian War
The Battle of Algiers started in 1954 after world war two by the group FLN. In the past before the Algerian war, Algeria had been under French colonial rule for over a century. The French tortured, mass displacement, economic exploitation, legal inequality, and killed many Algerians in the war. The FLN was trying to get independence from the French because of that and the Algerian war began. -
Vietnam War
North Vietnam attempted to bring the nation back together under the political and economic system of communism. To prevent this, South Vietnam fought war. Although North Vietnam won in the war in 1975, the United States assisted South Vietnam. Vietnam quickly became a communist nation. -
Cuban Revolutionaries
Cuban revolutionaries, led by Fidel Castro, faced economics sanctions from the United States due to his communist leanings. The US imposed economic sanctions on Cuba, leading Castro to seek help from the Soviet Union. In 1962, the Soviet Union armed Cuba with nuclear missiles, prompting president Kennedy to form a blockade around the island. -
Soviet Missiles in Cuba
The Cuban missiles crisis in 1962 involved the US and soviet union battling over dismantling soviet missiles in Cuba. It despite incidents, both sides refused to retreat, leading to a direct telephone hotline. Also despite US removal, communist parties remained strong in Latin American, including nicaragua's sandinista national liberation front. -
The Deng Era
Pragmatists under Deng XiaoPing gained power after Mao's death in 1976. They arrested the gang of four, Jiang Jing and three of her radical supporters. Deng was willing to learn from the capitalist West if it could contribute to China's well being. -
Iranian Revolution
The overthrow of Shah as a reaction in part of the modernization of the nation based on Western culture, technology, and philosophy, and the establishment of an Islamic Republic. It was a popular uprising in Iran in 1978-79 that resulted in the toppling of the monarchy on February 11, 1979, and led to the establishment of an Islamic republic. -
End of Communism
The collapse of the Berlin Wall was the culminating point of the revolutionary changes sweeping East Central Europe in 1989. Throughout the Soviet bloc, reformers assumed power and ended over 40 years of dictatorial Communist rule. The reform movement that ended communism in East Central Europe began in Poland. -
The Cold War in Africa
Superpower rivalry led to proxy wars, arms races, and support for various governments, often exacerbating existing conflicts in the early 1990s.