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Period: 1250 to 1300
Mechanical clock
Hourglass and water clocks had been around for centuries, but the first mechanical clocks began to appear in Europe toward the end of the 13th century and were used in cathedrals to mark the time when services would be held.
https://museum.seiko.co.jp/en/knowledge/MechanicalTimepieces01/#:~:text=The%20world's%20first%20mechanical%20clocks,the%20time%20by%20striking%20bells. -
1455
Book Printing
Johannes Gutenberg completed the printing of the Bible, which was the first book printed in the West using movable type. Gutenberg’s printing press led to an information explosion in Europe. -
Steam engine
James Watt improved the Newcomen steam engine by adding a condenser that turned the steam back into liquid water. This condenser was separate from the cylinder that moved the piston, which meant that the engine was much more efficient. The steam engine became one of the most important inventions of the Industrial Revolution. -
Railways
English engineer Richard Trevithick improved James Watt’s steam engine and used it for transport. He built the first railway locomotive at an ironworks in Wales.