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The Insurgency
In 1810, Mexico experienced its first revolt, starting what is known as the Insurgency. It was an uprising of violence which embroiled class warfare. Many would say that it deserves the title of a failed revolution. Additional Link: http://goo.gl/gTsJpV -
British Colony of Singapore Founded
Under Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles, Great Britain founded a new colony that is located on the tip of Maylay Peninsula known as Singapore. Singapore became a major stopping point for transport going to or from China. Raffles was proud of this new colony. He sent out a letter to his friend describing the greatness that the city held. Additional Link: http://goo.gl/6KoL7D -
Mexico Declares Independence
In 1820, liberals took over power in Spain and promised reforms to appease the Mexican revolutionaries. In result, Mexican conservatives asked for independence so that Mexico could keep their means of maintaining their privileged stance in Mexican society. After 11 years in the Mexican War of Independence, Spain's Viceroy Juan de O’Donojú signs the Treaty of Córdoba in 1821, which allows for Mexico to have its independence as a constitutional monarchy. Additional Link: http://goo.gl/0vVPEL -
The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
The Treaty of Guadalupe Hildago was the end to the U.S.-Mexican war. The conclusion of the treaty called for the United States receiving over 500,000 square miles of valuble land from Mexico and emerged as a world power in the late 19th century.This is the oldest treaty still in action between the United States and Mexico. Additional Link: http://goo.gl/3D4qiI
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Treaty of Kanagawa Initiates US - Japanese Relations
The two nations, regarding each other as barbarians, found a way to reach an agreement. The U.S. government was determined to take over the bringing in of Japan's policy, of two years, of self-imposed isolation to an end. Perry succeeded in getting two coaling ports for the navy's steamships and protecting America's whalers. The treaty was the result of an encounter between Japan and the U.S. Additional Link: http://goo.gl/Bjkwgw -
David Livingstone is first European to see Victoria Falls
David Livingstone reached Africa in 1840, when he was 27 years old. In 1843, he faced an unfortune encounter with a lion who costed him his arm. Livingstone was determined to finish his exploration, so he did. He closely examined the Zambezi River area and founded VIctoria Falls. For this, Livingstone was known as the most famous explorer of the century. Additional Link: http://goo.gl/wbMhxl -
Sepoy Mutiny Fails
The Sepy Mutiny was an unsuccessful rebellian against Brtish rule, placed in India. Many individual attempts were made to fight against the British; one the Indians realized that was not working, they formed a rebellian. The rebellian sarted in Meerut and dispursed to Delhi, Agra, Kanpur, and Lucknow. Since the mutiny was a failure, The East India Company was obliterated in favor of the British government. -
The U.S annexed the Midway Island
The United States occupied the Midway Islands in the Pacific Ocean, less than 2.4 miles in area, it was one of the most important spots in the world. The Captain N.C. Middlebrooks claimed the Midway Islands in 1859, which was known as the Guano Island Act. This act in 1856 allowed Americans to occupy islands for the purpose of retrieving guano. It was not until after the Civil War that the US annexed the the Midway Islands. The Midway became the first offshore island to be annexed by the U.S. -
Meiji Restoration begins
The Meiji Restoration was a revolution that brought forth the modernization and Westernation of Japan. The leaders of Japan were motivated by increasing domestic problems and the threat of foreign enroachment. They were aiming towards making a nation-state that was able to stand equal among Westeern powers; using the slogan, "wealthy country and strong arms". -
Suez Canal completed
The development of the steamships and the importance of the Nile Valley in Egypt were growing rapidly, it gave the Europeans a desire to build an east canal. The canal connected Cairo to the Mediterranean and Red Sea. A French entrepreneur, Ferdinand de Lesseps, signed a contract to begin building the Suez Canal in 1954. The canal was then completed in 1869, the British took an interest in Egypt after the Suez Canal was opened. Additional Link: http://goo.gl/2BzI6g -
Great Britain annexed the West Coastal States
As Europeans kept expanding in West Africa, it increased the tension between the African governments in that area. African states were able to maintain their own independence at one point, but in 1874, Great Britain annexed the west coastal states as the first British colony of Gold Coast. Additional Link: http://goo.gl/xoeWpW -
Queen Victoria is named "Empress of India"
On January 1, 1877 Queen Victoria was named Empress of China. Everyone admired her, because she was miraculously independent and she strengthened the monarchy by redefining the role in British life. She was the longest-reining British monarch to rule the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland for 64 years. -
Zulu King meets with Britain Ambassadors
When the British won the British-Zulu War, they captured the great ruler of Zululand, King Cetshwayo. He was sent into exile. The British properly annexed Zululand and it became apart of Natal, which joined the Union of South Africa eventually. Additional Link: http://goo.gl/f7rjfz
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"New Imperialism" Begins
The new imperialism began due to a change needed in multiple aspects. There was a huge desire to invest profits and expand markets. The country needed national security for our people and especially for the military. This advanced our weaponry and our transportation in overseas travel. The imperialism was a change for the better. Additional Link: http://goo.gl/s87Qkv
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France makes the Vietnam Empire a protectorate
The French finally achieved in getting the Vietnamese ruler to give up territories in the Mekong River delta. They occupied the city of Saigon, and throughout the next 30 years, they broadened their control over the rest of the country. By 1884, France took over the city of Hanoi and made the Vietmanese Empire a French protectorate. A protectorate is a political unit that depends on antoher government for protection. Additional Link: http://goo.gl/qL2Pdd -
Berlin Conference divides Africa among Europeans
The British were intersted in East Africa, because control of the land would connect the British Empire in Africa from South Africa to Egypt, but Portugal and Belgium also claimed parts of East Africa. So the Berlin Conference met in 1884 and 1885 to settle conflicting claims. To make it fair, there were no African delegates present for the conference. The ending results granted both British and German claims for East Africa, while Portugal received Mozambique. -
Indian National Congress formed
Many people preferred reform to revolution, but since the reform was at a slow pace it convienced Indian nationalists to rely on British goodwell because it was futile. The Indian National Congress was a small group of Indians that met in Mumbai, they called for a share in the government process but they did not demand independence. The goal of the INC was to seek independence for Indians, no matter what class or religious background. Additional Link: http://goo.gl/Yhq1Fd -
France completes its control of Indochina
France won the Sino-French war, which lead up to Cambodia joining the French holdings in VIietnam to complete French Indochina. The French Indochina was a union of French colonies and protectorates in South East Asia including Annam, Tonkin, Chochin China, and the Kingdom of Cambonia. Additional Link: http://goo.gl/h48YQD -
Britain and France agree to maintain Thailand as a Buffer State
Since the British were approaching from the west and France from the east, Thailand was concerned with domination from those two countries. Under King Chulalongkorn’s reign, Thailand avoided being placed under colonial rule. To maintain its independence, in 1896, Thailand became a buffer state between Britain and France. Additional Link: http://goo.gl/OeihNy -
Battle of Adwa
In 1896, the Italian forces invaded the Ethiopian army with the result of a shocking victory from the Ethiopians. This was so significiant, because it terminated Italy's mission to establish a colonial foothold in Ethiopia. Overall, it was an amazing win for Ethiopia and an unfortunate defeat for Italy. Additional Link: http://goo.gl/Ns9F7Y -
The Spanish American War
The war was between the United States and Spain which for the U.S. it resulted in acquisition of territories and for Spain it ended Spanish colonial rule in the Americans. On April 9 Spain speed up the new program to grant Cuba self-government with limited powers. Soon afterwards the U.S. Congress declared Cuba’s right to independence. Spain’s armed forces demanded a withdrawal from the island and the President’s use of force to secure the withdrawals renouncing any U.S.design for annexing Cuba. -
The United States defeats Spain for control over the Philippines
During the Spanish-American war the United States Commondore George Dewey defeated the Spanish fleet in Manila Bay. He decided to turn the Philippines into an American colony, which had been under Spanish control. This helped the area from falling into the hands of the Japanese. The leader for independence in the Philippines was Emilio Aguinaldo, he revolted against the Spanish. Additional Link: http://goo.gl/t0SHmO -
The Philippine Organic Act is passed by congress
The Philippine Organic Act was enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the U.S. The president of the U.S. exercised powers of the government with the President of the Philippine Commission to create a type of regulation. It was an act providing organization for all departments of the law. Additional Link: http://goo.gl/Fm4IQq -
Moroccan Crisis
On March 31, 1905, Kaiser Wilhelm of Germany arrived in Tangiers to support the sultan of Morocco, which angered France and Britain. This will be known as the first Moroccan crisis. The Kaiser and the German government had no interest in Morocco. The Kaiser’s appearance was to disrupt the Anglo-French Entente, which was an unintentional alliance against Germany and stood to make rivalries between Britain and France.
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Congo officially annexed by Belgium
Belgium started out mostly unsuccessful in its trials of colonial expeditions, so its leader, King Leopold II, was determined to possess a colony. He ignored the norm and undertook his personal capacity and recruited Stanley to exploit resources in the Congo. On October 17, 1908, King Leopold II of Belgium possessed Congo officially. Congo experienced great cruelty under his rule. -
British South Africa Act
The South Africa Act brought together the British colonies of Cape Colony, Natal, Transvaal, and Orange River and thereby established the Union of South Africa. After the Canadian, Australian, and American constitutions had been considered, a decision was made against a having federation to have a unitary state. -
Emiliano Zapata leads peasant movement in Mexico
In the southern part of Morelos, Emiliano Zapata began recruiting thousands of peasants to fight for land reform in support of El Plan de Ayala. Under the land reform plan to help landless peasants, the peasants received land and that land was taken away from powerful landowners; this was paramount. Additional Link: http://goo.gl/HkS6Nv Additional Link: http://goo.gl/HkS6Nv -
Japan annexed Korea
The treaty between Korea and Japan basically ruled that the Emperor of Korea handed over all his sovereignty to the Empire of Japan. The base of the treaty made it seem like it was a mutual decision. The overall results of the annexation were that the Japanese empire took over the Korean empire and made it a colony of Japan. Additional Link: http://goo.gl/pmunb2
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Chinese revolution starts
To start off, the Qing Dynasty faced many challenges to its rule; including multiple foreign disruptions into Chinese territory. In 1911, a group of revolutionaries succcessfully led a revolt against the Qing Dynasty and established their place in the Republic of China and ending the imperial system. Additional Link: http://goo.gl/H2Ewcw -
World War 1 begins
A young nationalist names Gavrila Princip killed Archduke Franz Ferdinand. The assassination set off a chain of events that started World War 1 a month later which was also known as the Great War. Over the years the war grow to involve Italy, Japan and the Middle East along with the United States. More than 20 million soldiers died with 21 million wounded. Video: http://goo.gl/cNfQwN
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Egypt becomes British protectorate
In November 1914, Britain was at war with Germany, to declare Egypt a protectorate. Egypt and the Ottoman Empire had legal ties between them, which were formally served. Britain promised to make changes in the government of Egypt when the war was over. The British wanted to guard the Suez Canal against German so they sent more than 100,000 troops to Egypt. Additional Link: http://goo.gl/SI42Ks Additional Link:
