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Richard Cawdry produced the first dictionary, a list of hard words (1601). Richard Mulcaster, a school teacher, produced a list of 7000 words and how to spell them, the beginning of spelling standardistation (1582). First grammar book appeared...
Thomas Wilson laid down some rules such as you should put the male form before the female - he said it was more natural - husband and wife, not wife and husband, men and women etc. - show beginning of prescriptivism.
English began to leave England to be used in other parts of the world, notable North America and the Caribbean. In 1620 the Pilgrim Father set sail for America in the Mayflower and began what was to become the USA.