-
Period: to
revolutions in agriculture, production, transportation, and communication change the lives of poeple in Western Europe and the U.S.
-
small farms cover England's landscape
-
Period: to
th average weight for lambs increased from eighteen lbs. to fifty lbs. due to selective breeding
-
Period: to
Robert Bakewell increased his mutton output by only allowing his best sheep to breed
-
Period: to
Britain takes part in many wars
-
Jethro Tull invents the seed drilll
-
coal miners used steam-powered pumps to remove water from deep mine shafts
-
John Kay invents the flyring shuttle
-
Qian-long begins his reign as emperor of China
-
Period: to
Manchester experiences rapid growth from around 45,000 to 300,000
-
textile worker James Hargreaver invents a spinning wheel named after his daughter Jenny
-
James Watt builds the steam engine
-
Richard Arkwright invents the water frame
-
Period: to
English philosopher Jermey Bentham introduced the philosophy of utilitarianism
-
Period: to
Jeremy Bentham writes some of his most famous works
-
James Watt joins bussinessman Matthew Boulton
-
Adam Smith publishes his book "The Wealth of Nations"
-
Samuel Crompton combines the spinning jenny and the water frame to create the spinning mule
-
English laborer Ned Ludd is said to have destroyed weaving machinery
-
Edwards Cartwright invents the power loom
-
Samuel Slater emigrates to the United States and builds a spinning machine
-
Period: to
French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars halt trade, interrupt communication, and cause infaltion in some pars of the continent
-
Period: to
American cotton production skyrockets due to the creation of the cotton gin
-
Steam-driven machinery powered English factories
-
Eli Whitney creates the cotton gin
-
Thomas Malthus publishes "An Essay on the Principle of Population"
-
William Cockerill illegally makes his way to Belgium
-
Period: to
the Combination Acts outlaw unions and strikes
-
people can earn higher wages in factories than on farms
-
Period: to
the number of European cities with a lot of people living in them grows from 22 to 47
-
England's population grows to one million around 1800
-
Period: to
Laborer's livespans increase
-
Period: to
Manchester produce consumer goods and create wealth on a grand scale
-
Period: to
Northeast U.S. experiences much industrial growth
-
Period: to
Germany is politically divided
-
Period: to
industrialisation grows in regions at a time rather than whole countires at a time
-
Period: to
England's population explodes
-
Period: to
the working class sees little improvement in their living and working conditions
-
People become more invlolved in politics
-
Period: to
John Stuart Mill leads the Utilitarian movement
-
Period: to
skilled workers in the U.S. belong to unions
-
Period: to
The Industrial Revolution divides the rich from the poor
-
democracy grows in industrialised countries as foreign expansion increased
-
Period: to
coal and steam drive the machines of industry
-
Period: to
German inventors figure out how to successfully use a gasoline engine to power a vehicle
-
Period: to
Scientists come up with a widely believed explanation for why there is such a great and wide variety of plants and animals on the earth
-
Period: to
ideas about phychology drastically changes society's way of life
-
Period: to
the U.S. begins to make strong attempts to hold fast to what the Declaration of Independence says and abolish slavery
-
Period: to
many thinkers try to apply Charles Darwin's ideas to eonomics and politics
-
several major inventions have modernized the cotton industry in Britain
-
British chemist John Dalton theorises that all matter is made of tiny particles called atoms
-
English engineer Richard Trevithick wins bet by hauling ten tons of iron over almost ten miles of track in steam-driven locomotive
-
English engineer Richard Trevithick wins bet of thousands of dollars by taking ten tons of iron over nearly ten miles of track in a steam-driven locomotive
-
Haiti wins its independence from France
-
The steamboat Clermont made its first successful trip
-
Parliament passes a bill to end slave trade in the British West Indies
-
John McAdam (Scottish engineer) equips road beds with a layer of large stones for drainage
-
Europeans who used to live on farms flow quickly into cities
-
the war of 1812
-
Francis Cabot Lowell of Boston and four other investors revolutionised the American textile industry
-
David Ricardo publishes his book "Principles of Political Economy and Taxation"
-
the first Factory Act is passed
-
Period: to
Parliament begins looking into child labor and working conditions in factories and coal mines
-
George Stephenson begins to work on the world's first railroad line
-
Parliament repeals the Combination Acts
-
Robert Owen travels to the United States
-
The railroad opens
-
Robert Owen founds a cooperativ community called New Harmony in Indiana
-
the British government unhappily tolerates labor unions
-
William Wilberforce retires from Parliament
-
Lowell, Massachusetts has become a popular manufacturing centre and a model for other similar towns
-
trials are held to choose the best locomotive for use on the new railroad line
-
the Liverpool-Manchester Railway opens officially
-
France experiences sustained industrial growth
-
Cyrus McCormick invention the reaper boosts American wheat production
-
Alexis de Tocqueville studies and contrasts the brutal, harsh conditions of American prisons to the "extended liberty" of American Society
-
William Cooper testfies about labor conditions from child labor during the industrial revolution
-
Parliament passes the Factory Act to improve working conditions for children
-
the British abolishes slavery in all of its empire
-
Edward Baines publishes his book "The History of Cotton Manufacture in Great Britain"
-
French writer Alexis de Tocqueville visits Manchester
-
Germany begins to copy the British model
-
Samuel F.B. Morse sends first electric signals over telegraph
-
Period: to
Thomas Malthus's predictions and arguments on the system of growing population seem to become true
-
a British government study shows the average life span for the working class to be 17 years old and those in nearby rural areas to be around 38 years old
-
the Mines Act is passed to prevent women and children from working in mines
-
Period: to
women form unions in the trades where they dominate
-
Period: to
the germ theory is created by Louis Pasteur
-
the Ten Hours Act is passed
-
Elizabeth Gaskell publishes her book "Mary Barton"
-
Alexis de Tocqueville gives a speech stating where he stands with Socialism
-
Period: to
widespread revolts take place throughout all of Europe
-
women fight for their rights
-
Karl Marx and Frederick Engels publish The Communist Manifesto
-
4.250 miles of inland channels slashed the cost of trasporting both raw materials and finished goods
-
a thriving national market for new Freanch products is created, when the government begins railroad construction
-
a national market for new French products is created, after the government begins railroad construction
-
many states start up public schools systems
-
Period: to
Austrian monk Gregor Mendel discovers there is a patter to the way that certain traits are inherited
-
I.M. Singer improved the sewing machine by inventing a foot treadle
-
the Crystal Palace Exposition in London demonstrates and celebrates the "works of industry of all nations."
-
a German economist comments on Germany industrialising itself
-
Charles Darwin publishes a book stating his ideas in a book called "On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection"
-
Hugh Miller describes how filthy the Irwell River in Manchester is
-
the Civil War ends
-
Period: to
United States experiences a technological boom
-
Joseph Lister orders that his surgical wards be kept extremely clean
-
The Meiji era begins a period of modernization in Japan
-
Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev organises the Periodic Table
-
The Suez Canal opens in Africa
-
Period: to
a unified, imperialistic Germany has become an industrial and military giant
-
Period: to
in Western Europe, free public schooling becomes available
-
Period: to
new kinds of energy come into use
-
Period: to
the electric generater is developed
-
slavery is ended in Puerto Rico
-
Period: to
cities like Chigaco and Minneapolis expand rapidly during the late 1800s
-
British trade unions win the right to strike ad picket peacefully
-
British Unions win the right to strike
-
Scottish-born inventor Alexander Graham Bell patented the telephone
-
Alexander Graham Bell displays his device at the Philidelphia Centennial Exposition
-
Period: to
several inventors try to project moving images
-
Peter Severin Kroyer paints a picture depicting Danish wokers laboring in a steel mill
-
U.S. labor unions join together to form the American Federation of Labor
-
Spain abolishes slavery in Cuba
-
Brazilian slaves are given freedom
-
woman activists around the world gather to form the International Council for Women
-
rich entrepreneurs areconsidered the social equals of he lords of the countryside
-
Period: to
large corporations such as Standard Oil and Carnegie Steel Company spring up
-
Period: to
a limited number of large, powerful companies controll more than two-thirds of the nation's railroad tracks
-
Italian inventor Guglielmo Marconi uses theoretical dicoveries about electromagnetic waves to create the first radio
-
the first olympics are held in Athens, Greece
-
Marie Curie names powerful energy force "radioactivity"
-
delegates and observers from 27 countries attended the International Council for Women in 1899
-
Period: to
revolutionaries such as Vladimir Lenin, Mao Zedong, and Fidel Castro are inspired by Marxism
-
Gregor Mendel's discoveries start the science of genetics
-
physicists continue figuring out more about the atom
-
people begin to speak of mass culture
-
Period: to
filmmakers are producing the first feature films
-
Marie and Pierre Curie win the Nobel Prize for physics and their work on radioactivity
-
Wilbur and Orville Wright fly a gasoline-powered flying machine
-
a group of progressive reformers form the National Child Labor Committee to end child labor
-
Henry Ford sold his Model T for $850
-
millions of Americans flood into thousands of theatres to watch movies
-
more than 3.5M cars are traveling on America's roads
-
the U.S. Supreme Court objects to a federal child labor law, but individual states are allowed to limit the working hours of women and eventually men
-
Period: to
Communist expansion reaches its peak
