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Age of The Steamboat
-North River steam boats were built by Charles Browne , completed in 1807
-It dominated trade throughout the U.S.
-Steamboat were able to go large distances so ppl could travel further into the U.S.
-Steamboats were strong for 100 years -
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New Immigration
-Most immigrant groups that came to America came from Northern & Western Europe
-This was mainly because democracy & religious prosecution in their country
-Chicago, St. Louis, New York, & The Great Plains were cities and regions the immigrants would travel to
-These immigrants would work in RR and customary farm jobs -
Morse Code
-The first working telegraph produced in 1844
-Developed in 1830s and 1840s developed by Samuel Morse
-Led to the inventions of telephone, fax machine, Internet & iPhones
-Helped to communicate quicker, receive and send important messages
-Been built in the railway systems, soon spread to mass communication; then installed in post offices -
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"Tammy Hall & Boss Tweed"
-They targeted the poor/new immigrants, they offered them jobs & places to live in return for their vote
-They gained power by using dishonest politicians to help steal N.Y. bank accounts
-Tammany Hall's favorite party was the democratic -
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William M. Tweed
-They used dishonest politicians to gain control of N.Y. City
-Supported neighborhoods of new immigrants by giving them help and jobs
-Immigrants in return with votes just how Boss Tweed wanted
-Controlled Democratic party in N.Y. City -
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Cattle Drive Era
-Cattle drives started in Texas ended in the Mid-West (Kansas or Nebraska)@ the RR lines
-More beef was needed in the East Coast due to the growing population in big cities like Chicago & NY
-New technology end the cattle drive it was called the Barbe Wire -
Homestead Act
-Homestead Act designed to grant public land in the West for agriculture
-Native Americans populations diminish with West settlement
-Signed by President Lincoln -
Chinese Exclusionary Act
-First time American could travel freely from coast to coast
-Markets expended and cheaper distribution
-People moved to the East
-Forced Indians off their land
-Ended long cattle drives
-Farmers had quick access to markets -
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Rise of Labor Unions
Purpose
-Fought for wages & safer working conditions
-It stopped child labor
-Gave health benefits &provide aid to workers who were injured or retired
Actions
-Unions rely on strike and boycott against co. sometimes the strikes led to violence
-1st time African Americans were de-segregated & allowed to join unions -
First Transcontinental Railroad "Pacific Railroad"
-The transcontinental RR united the nations
-Farmers were able to ship goods and crops
-Cattle drive didn't drive the cattle as far to ship them off to the East Coast
-The RR also gave people a way to travel -
Nast Cartoon About "Boss Tweed"
-William M. "Boss" Tweed
-Political leader abused his power by stealing 200 million from tax payers
-Ended up in jail & died there
-Thomas Nast exposed William by his political cartoons that helped people understand what he was doing -
John D. Rockefeller "Captains of Industry" (Horizontal Integration)
-The captains dominated the standard oil co.
-Standard began buying out its competitors
-Bought out thousands of acres of forest to block out the competitors from running their own pipelines
-The men in league w/ J.D.R. bought off the people & things to stay on top to make $
-These men were sometimes so ruthless they were given the name "robber barons"
-J.D.R. lowered prices of oil from the co. he took over, his was the cheapest & other companies couldn't compete so they went out of business -
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"Gilded Age and Westward Expansion"
-The Gilded Age was an era of rapid economic growth, especially in the North and West. American wages, especially for skilled workers, were much higher than in Europe, which attracted millions of immigrants.
-Railroads were the major industry, but the factory system, mining, and finance increased.
-Labor unions became important industrial areas.
-"This time period is characterized by economic growth, widespread poverty, westward expansions, and political corruption. -
Bessemer Steel Process
-The removal of impurities f/ iron
-The Bessemer process revolutionized steel production, de-ceasing cost
-The process made steel 10x stronger than Iron
-RR went further, building grew high due to strength & low cost of steel -
Hay Market Riot
-Low wages dangerous working conditions
-Labor protest near Chicago's hay market square
-Really turned the riot after someone threw a bomb and police government imposed death sentence on 7 men and 8 were sentenced to 15 years in prison and 4 men were hung -
Hull House
-To provide higher civic and social life
-Located in Chicago, Illinois.
-Founded by Ellen G. Starr and Jane Addams
-Both their leadership made women more politically influenced
-Had more power among men -
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Ellis Island
-Some of the groups that arrived were Southern Europeans
-Immigrants had to perform physical and mental hexanes to ensure their admittance
-Doctors would check the immigrants for health problems -
Andrew Carnegie "Captains of Industry"
-Founded his steel company in 1892
-In 1901 sold his company, merged it with other steel companies to make U.S. steel
-Became a philanthropist after selling, donating to public libraries education system & science, spent 1.1 mill. constructing Carnegie Hall
-Wrote "Gospel of Wealth" in 1889 about wealthy should spend their money to help the poor -
Homestead Strike
-Frick sent 300 pinkerton & met 10,000 strikers, a gun fight broke out till the national guard came to stop them
-Carnegie wanted to break the union, Frick began locking the workers out of the plant
-Government supported monopolist because they were being controlled with money -
Pull Man Strike
Causes
-Manufacture of rail roads cars
-Cut the already low wages of his workers abt. 25%, but did not introduce corresponding reduction interests and other charges.
Happened
-American railroad way union striking
-Small group, 260,000 joined
-Refused to hitch cars, refused to handle Pullmans cars
Result
-Federal injunction
-Strikes & violent reaction ruined his reputation -
Period: to
Angel Island
-Is in San Francisco Bay, immigrants processed one million Asian immigrants
-Chinese & Japanese immigrants
-Requirements many Chinese immigrants were forced to prove they they had a husband or father &were in good health
-Many Chinese when they got there were sent to jail b/c his or her country was weak and poor -
Period: to
Great Migration
Pull factors to North
-Job opportunities
-Voting was a right
Push factors
-Violence of hate
-Work to survive/no jobs.
Migrated for the new job opportunities, blacks moved North to escape from oppressive conditions of the South like lynching, unfair legal system, inequality of education.