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Langston Hughes "The Negro Speaks of Rivers"
*It was a Harlem Renaissance Artist. He wrote the poem to revolve the importance or roots&the way they provide meaning in life
*It influenced the value of the African race during the renaissance era
*The crisis is the official magazine of the (NAACP) National Association of the Advancement of colored people founded in 1910 -
Social Darwinism
*Haves were rich people, or people that had power
*If you were poor or not educated then it means that they don't deserve to have money or or power
*Concept behind Social Darwinism was racism, money, and power
* "What social classes owe to each other"
Was a pamphlet by William Graham Sumners. About solving social problems created in 1883-1903 -
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Red Scare
*Xenophobia: intense or irrational dislike or fear of ppl from other countries threat of com spread in Europe+ far union strikes in the U.S made Ame. far their own communist Revolution in the U.S Palmer Raids- a Italian anarchist set off a bomb outside of attorney Palmer's home he set up a round up of suspected combut most were released due to lack of evidence
*Sacco+Vanzetti were immune that were affected by the anti communist hysteria they were convicted and executed for a robbery crime -
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Transitional Immigration
*WW1 Immigration was reduced to a trickle by the conflict in Europe
*Nativist feelings against immigrants led congress to restrict immigrants from Europe for the 1st time
*Immigrants were over flooding the Urban areas
*The economy was drown down a tad due to little jobs available -
19th Amendment
*At the time U.S was founded, its female citizens did not share all of the same rights as men
*This amendment gave the women the right to vote in 1920
*Unified Suffrage laws across the U.S will later move into women's rights
-Suffrage: the right to vote in political elections -
U.N.I.T.A.E
*Marcus Mosiah Gavey
*The members pledge themselves to all in their power to conserve the rights of their noble race and to respect the rights of all mankind believing always in the brotherhood of man and the fatherhood of God
*North and the frustrations of struggling to cope with urban life set the scene for Garvey's back to Africa movement
*He went to Jamaica and was kicked out of the United States
*He wanted the people to come back to Liberia which was the movement "Back to Africa" -
Father of Naval Aviation
*Glenn H. Curtis designed a seaplane that could take off and land on water
*Glenn Curtis made the 1st airplane using a similar engine to a car years later he successfully flew his "hydroplane" in 1912 developed a larger "flying boat"
*Effects w/ all his innovations, helped further naval aviation, later air crafted carriers -
Henry Ford
*When manufacturer first adapted their assembly line to their production process, they often achieved dramatic gains in productivity
*Ford was producing 1.6 million cars a year at a price of less that $300 per car
*The growth in automobile ownership, from 8 to 24 million, greatly affected all aspects of American life
*Ford payed his workers $5 an hour, so they could afford the Model T they built -
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Harlem Renaissance
*A period in time when African American achievements in art, music, & literature flourished
*They used their arts to work for goals of civil rights & equality
*First time African American artists, musicians, & writers became absorbed into mainstream media & white America
*Was after the Stock Market Crash & WW1 -
Emergency Quota Act
CAUSE
* # of immigrants had grown almost 600%
ranging 141,000 - 805,000 people after WW1
Term- established max # of people who could enter the United States " Cut European Immigration"
*Allows immigrants that are already living in the U.S have a secure job
*Groups like the KKK strongly supported the EQA & National origins formula to reduce the # of foreigners coming to the U.S -
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National Origins Formula
*It established how many immigrants could enter the U.S Restricted by origin discriminated people outside Western Europe
*The gov. only allowed 2% of the population into the nation
*The Asian exclusion act was modified which barred Asians completely out -
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Teapot Dome Scandal
*1920's involved national security big oil companies and corruption of U.S and selling military land
*Events led navy officials, new global presence
* Albert B. Fall served secretary of the interior president Warren G. Harding's cabinet
*Scandal left a lasting stain on president reputation -
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Nativism
*A dislike of foreigners
*The red scare which had anarchist bombings the Sacco & Vanzetti case
*Migration of African Americans from South to Northern cities increased racial tensions with KKK
*During Red Scare anarchist targeted judges, politicians, law enforcement officials, 2 foreigners sentenced to death for robbery & KKK targeted African Americans lynchings and new foreigners using Emergency Quota Act to scare others -
National Origins Act
Purpose- Established of a quota system limited immigration from southern & Eastern Europe also established a quota to determine how many immigrants could enter the U.S all Asians were excluded from immigration
*Emergency quota act that limited immigration from any country to 3% this act caused immigration to drop by almost 500,000 people between 1920-1922 (This comes from the Chinese Exclusionary Act) -
Scopes Trial - Monkey Trial
*As an American legal case in 1925 in which a teacher from Tennessee violated the Butler Act, which taught about evolution
*This made in unlawful to teach human evolution in any state-funded school
*William Jennings was the prosecutor, the attorney who defended scopes was convicted for teaching evolution. His $1.00 fine was late set aside
*The town first made the fine to collect money due to the Great Depression -
Charles Linbergh/ Solo Translantic Flight
*Charles Lindbergh & the spirit of St. Louis completed the first non stop flight, from New York to Paris in 1927
*The propose plane had been named the "Spirit of St. Louis" & the pilot was to be "Charles A. Lindbergh"
*Henry Ford made a trimotor ariplane in 1926 translatic flights by Charles Lindbergh & Amelia Earhart helped to promote cargo & commercial instruments -
Fats Waller
*Waller influence the era of Jazz
*Jazz music is a genre that originated from African American community in the late 19th and early 20th century
*Popular song- ain't misbehaving is based on a night club and people having fun
*Waller also had a radio show that brought black & white people together -
Duke Ellington
*Jazz music is a type of music of African American original characterized by improvisation
*The cotton club was in Harlem New York at first it was for a white audience but then both were allowed, where the Duke played
*The popular song was "It Don't Mean Anything If You Ain't Swing" This song introduced the swing era
*The influence was music was not segregated by race but heard by all race's from all over the radio -
Eugenics
*Eugenics is a set of beliefs and practices that aims at improving the genetic quality of the human population
*The government under Theodore Roosevelt created a national commission that was charged to investigate the gentic heritage of the country and to "encourage" the increase of families of good blood and (discourage) the vicious elements in the cross-bred American Civilization
*Hitler believed that the Aryan people which came from Eugenics were destined to rule the world -
Pledge of Allegiance
*In 1954 "Under God" was added to the pledge of allegiance. In response to the threat of communism
*Why?- Congress offer a campaign by the Knights of Columbus. The pledge was now patriot and public prayer.
*1923- "The United States of America" was added into the pledge
*The change was because they wanted to make sure they were pledging to their country and not anyone else