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Age of steamboat
-The environment of the society changed dramatically causing steamboat to get goods and products easily.
-Cities grew along the rivers to make trade and transportation easier.
-SB enabled goods to be transported both up and down the river system from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania to New Orleans Louisiana. -
New immigrants 1820 -1924
-German immigrants came to the us to escape economic hardship and for political freedom.
- Ireland population immigrated because of poverty and famine.
-These people tended to live in cities like Chicago, New York, St.Louis.
-These immigrants found work on the trans-continental railroad, built canals, and they became involved in almost every labor-intensive job they could find.
-National origins act of 1942 was a policy that restricted immigration by establishing a system of national quotes. -
Morse Code
-Morse code: An alphabet or code in which letters are represented by combinations of longs and short sounds.
-Morse code named after Samuel F.B. morse.
-After the telegraph it led to the telephone, fax machine, internet, and finally the smart phone.
-The telegraph pole routes ran along the railroads provided free land and helped us better communications. -
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Boss tweed
-Was a legendary corrupt leader of New York city in his years of following the civil war.
-He targeted the immigration and offered them a job and a place to live. In return the immigrants had to vote for who boss tweed wanted in power.
-They served the democratic party.
-He was arrested and tried in 1872 for steeling million of dollars from New York city. -
Home stead act
-Government offered larger amount affected for everyone including free slaves.
-To get settlers to move west to explore and settle.
-To earn ownership of piece of land by living on it over a period of time.
-The Indians culture blended into Americans they fought, lost land, many dead. -
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trans-continental railroad
-The first transcontinental railroad reached from east coast to west coast.
-No more traveling in long wagon trans .
-The railroad was built between 1869-1869.
-Things like mail,supplies trade goods can be shipped in a few days. -
Period: to
Thomas Nast takes down "Boss" Tweed
-"Boss" Tweed powers allowed him to tunnel large amounts of public monies into personal accounts of politicians and himself.
-Ended with New York city in deep debt.
-Public outcry against Tommy Halls corruption came to heed in the early 1870's .
-The citizens realize that Tweed was taking money because the proof that was provided by Nast's cartoons.
-Tweed was jailed for stealing money. -
Period: to
cattle drive era
-General start points were in Texas and endpoints were up north (Kansas, Missouri, New Mexico...)
-Increased demand for beef in the markets was because of the price and many saw h was a ready workforce.
-One of the major routes was the Chisholm trail, used from 1866 to 1884, it was from San Antonio, Texas to Abilene, Kansas.
-The extension of railroad tracks got rid of what was needed fot the drives.
-The invention of barbed wire fence caused the end of the open range and cattle drives. -
Period: to
Rise of labor unions
-Labor leaders criticized company owners and managers for reducing competition, paying low ages and maintaining unsafe work conditions for their employees.
-Factory workers formed and joined labor unions in order to engage in collective bargaining with employers.
-Many workers went on strike in the 1880s.
-Three significant events of the time period included the "Great Strikes" Homestead, Pullman, and Haymarket Riot. -
Nast cartoon about "Boss Tweed"
-Nast used his cartoons to attack the Tammany Hall political Ring and Boss Tweed to remove from power in the election of November 7, 1871 (in NY).Tweed was arrested in 1873 and convicted of fraud. -
John D. Rockefeller
-He was the head of standard oil company.
-He dominated the petroleum industry.
-John was also one of the most respected philanthropists in history he helped pay for the creation of the university of Chicago and Rockefeller of New York.
-He used vertical integration by buying companies that provided the equipment and services he needed. -
Period: to
Gilded Age and Westward Expansion
-The Gilded Age was an era of rapid economic growth especially in the North and West. American wages, especially for skilled workers, were much higher than in Europe, Which attracted millions of immigrants.
-Railroads were the major industry, but the factory system, mining, and finance increased.
-Labor Unions became important in industrial areas.
-"This time period is characterized by economic growth, widespread poverty, westward expansion, and political corruption. -
Bessemer steel process
-The remove of impurities of fl iron
-The Bessemer process revolutionized steel production, decreasing cost.
-The process made steel, 10x stronger then Iron.
-RR went further,buildings grew higher due to strength and low cost of steel. -
Haymarket Riot
-The cause was a peaceful rally to lower the hours of work f/14 to 8 hrs.
-A bomb that was thrown at police attempting to break up a peaceful rally of Chicago work hours.
-Police opened fire, killing 4 and wounding at least 70. Also wounding 4 of their own officers.
-The effect was that 7 Chicago anarchists -
Hull House
-Located in the near west side of Chicago Illinois.
-Founded by James Addams, Ellen Starr.
-Hull house opened its doors for recently arrived European immigrants.
-They provided numerous serves the also help immigrants learn English.
-The beginning of women in charge (Women can not vote yet). -
Andrew Carnegie
-Carnegie steel company created by andrew carnegie and Henry frick in 1892.
-He built a leadership role as a philanthropist for the United States.
-He built Pittsburgh's Carnegie steel company, which he sold for $480 million it became the U.S. steel corporation.
-He made a fortune in the steel industry, controlling the most extensive integrated iron and steel operations ever owned by an individual in the United States.
"Gospel of wealth"
-wrote by Andrew Carnegie. -
Ellis Island 1892 - 1954
-Northern and Southern Europe-Germany
-Southern and Easter Europe poured in.
-Inspected for visible aliments ( sick seen medical exam) -
Pullman strike
-The strike marked a shift in government intrusion into labor union relations
-Started in Chicago Illinois and became a nation wide railroad strike.
-Wages got cut 25 percent and he started laying people off.
-They got so violent they set buildings on fire.
-Thirty People were killed.
-Riots and sabotage caused 80 million dollars of damage. -
Pull man strike
Causes
-Manufacture of railroad cars.
-Cut the already low wages of it's workers abt.25%, but did not introduce corresponding reduction interests and other charges.
Happened
-American railroad way union striking.
-Small group, 260,000 joined.
-Refused to hitch cars.
-Refused to handle Pullmans car.
Result
-Federal injunction
-Strikes and violent reaction ruined his rep. -
Angel Island, CA
-Also known as "Ellis Island" of the west
- Majority of the groups were Asian ( Japanese and Chinese)
-They were detained and interrogated, asking obscure questions that could not be answered
-Men and women housed separately
-Detaines spent much of their time in the barracks
-Women immigrants were denied entry is if they didn't have a father or husband that are U.S. citizens. -
Period: to
Great Migration
-Pull factors to north
-Job opportunities
-Voting was a right
-Pull factors from south
-violence of hate
-Working to survive/ no jobs
-Migrating of new job op opportunities, blacks moved north to escape from oppressive conditions of the south like lynching, unfair legal system, inequality of education. -
Americanization day
-1915 the USA declared that it needed to establish a campaign to unify new and old Americans.
-The USA chose May,1 as the venue, to reshape the old and embrace the new.
-Meaning: 1) to make American.2) to assimilate into American culture.3) to bring under American Influence or control.
