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North River Steamboat
-trade=rapid transportation of goods
-transportation=wealthy would use it as form to travel in rivers
-environment=farmers grew cops along river because it was easy to get them to markets near river forks and rapids
-Marine Diesel Engine -
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New Immigration
-In 1924 congress passed a discriminatory immigration law that restricted the immigration Asians and other non-whites from entry into the US
-Immigrants came to America for better living, jobs, and religious freedom. America restricted immigrants if they were sick or not smart enough. New immigrants usually lived in Chicago, NY, and Boston. -
Mores Code
-developed 1844 by Samuel Mores revolutionized long distance communication
-use of the telegraph was quickly accepted by people eager for a faster and easier way of sending and receiving information
-it worked by transmitting electrical signals over a wire laid between train stations. -
Homestead Act
-the purpose of this act was to have more settlements in the west
-they offered free land (160 acres) for staying there for five years
-people bought the land for 1.25 per acre
-the homestead act led to the distribution of 80 million acres of public land by 1900
-it pushed Indians to restrictions in the west -
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Cattle Drive ERA
-From Texas to the mid west in Nebraska
-Cattle drives were send to Chicago were they slaughter them to make beef for Chicago
-Barb wire was put up by farmers to stop cattle drives from destroying their wheat crops -
Transcontinental Railroads
-the entire nation was joined with 1776 miles of track
-countries were able to work together due to decrease of travel time
-the transcontinental railroads meant that the frontier could be extended with a greatest movement of population
-the railroads made a wider variety of goods possible for people who lived on the frontier who were able to get goods that were previously unavailable. -
John D. Rockefeller
-he incorporated standard oil in 1870. He built his first oil refinery near Cleveland
-by 1882 he controlled some of the 90 percent of US refineries and pipelines, this was considered a monopoly
-he built the Rockefeller center and donated land to the U.N headquarters -
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Tammany Hall and Boss Tweed
-Was organized by dishonest politicians, who had two main goals: get the groups own candidate elected to top jobs in the city governments, and take control of the city.
-Tammany hall offered help to the city's new Irish immigrants in return for votes
-supported the democratic party executive committee
-Boss Tweed used power and influence to steal over 1 million dollars from New York City's bank accounts. -
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Gilded Age and Westward Expansion
-the gilded age was an era of rapid economic growth especially in the north and west american wages espsecially for skilled workers were much higher than in Europe which attracted millions of immigrants railroads were the major industry but the factory system mining and finance increased labor unions became important in industrial areas -
Bessemer Steel Process
-The removal of impurities f/ iron
-The Bessemer process revolutionized steel production, de-creasing cost
-The process made steel 10x stronger than Iron
-RR went further, building grew high due to strength and low cost of steel -
The Exclusionary Act
-first law that restricted immigrants to the US
-the act provided an absolute 10-year ban on Chinese labor immigrants
-the act made Chinese immigrants permanent aliens by excluding them from US citizenship
-froze the Chinese community in place prevented it from growing and assimilating into US society -
Haymarket Square Riot
-a violent confrontation between police and labor protesters in Chicago on May 4, 1886
-this has been associated with (may day) or internationals workers day
-riot created wide spread hustaria against immigrants
-riot had a lasting effect with the labor moment in US
-the riot was caused by protest of police brutality towards the people of labor unions. -
Hull House
-To provide higher civic and seal life
-located in Chicago Illinois
-founded by Ellen g Starr Jane Addams
-Both their leadership made women more politically influenced
-had more power among me -
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Ellis Island
-Ellis island arrived in NY in December 1892-1954
-the eastern European and doctors were checking the immigrants for conditions such as physical disability, mental retardation, shortness of breath. If they had any of these conditions they would be deported back to their country -
Andrew Carnegie
-Made Carnegie Steel in 1892
-Took control of the steel industry
-Sold steel company to J.P. Morgan
-Wrote the Gospel of Wealth- Rich help the poor
-Founded Keystone bridge company
-Invested in oil and train cars. -
Pullman Strike
-The causes of the dispute began when 35% factory employees of the Pullman Company join the ARU due to the reduction in wages.
-During the strike the ARU stopped the movement of Pullman cars on the railroads, and the ARU called a massive boycott.
-The results of the strike lead to 30 people being killed in riots, and the leader of the ARU, Eugene Debs, was arrested so the ARU disbanded. -
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Angels Island
-Held hundreds of thousands of immigrants, mainly from China and Japan
-Arriving they had to go through medical exams where they were tested for various diseases, they were assigned dormitories where they were detained till interrogation process, expressing fear and frustration for months.
-the had to be US citizens, and had to answer questions about family history
-those families that didn't pass the questioning would be in jeopardy of deportation -
Americanization Day
-first Americanization Day was known as "loyalty day", was first launched in July 4,1915.
-was launched in response to nearly two decades of increasing immigration.
-Americans had a sore spot because of the influx of immigrants from the southern Europe.
-businesses precived wages and feared immigrants might help increase of acceptance of socialism. -
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Great Migration
-Push Factor: Racial tensions, vidence, poverty, lynching of African Americans led to not enough money or work to survive
-Pull Factor: job opportunities, community for African American development of ethnic neighborhoods specifically, voting was a right.
-they moved to New York and Chicago
-they created their own African American communities -
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Rise of Labor Unions
-fought for wages and safer working conditions
-it stopped child labor
-gave health benefits and provide aid to workers who were injured or retired actions