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American Revolution
The American Revolution (1775-1783)
Also known as the American Revolutionary War and the American War of Independence. Colonists in the Thirteen American Colonies rejected the British monarchy and aristocracy, overthrew the authority of Great Britain, and founded the United States of America. -
Debt Crisis
Debt Crisis (1783-1788)
Shortly after the American Revolution the public debt grew to more than $75 million and continued to swell considerably over the next four decades to nearly $120 million. France's debt aggravated by French invlovement in the American Revolution led Louis XIV to enforce new taxations and reduce privleges. -
End of American Revolution
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Inequality in France
Inequality in France (1789-1814)
The French people overthrew their ancient government in 1789. They took as their slogan the famous phrase "Liberte, Egalite, Fraternite"--Liberty, Equality, Fraternity. Equality. There were Social, Economical, and Politcal inequalities in France. Nobles and Clergy were the privleged orders. So the higher your social class the better off you were. If you were ranked higher you didnt have to pay taxes. It was very unequal during this period. -
Assignats
Assignats 1789-1796
Assignats were paper money issued by the National Assembly in France from 1789 to 1796, during the French Revolution. The Assignats were because the government was bankrupt due to the confiscation of church properties in 1790. -
Cahiers
Cahiers (March 1789- April 1789)
The Cahiers de Doléances were the lists of grievances drawn up by each of the three Estates in France, between March and April 1789, the year in which a revolutionary situation began. Ordered by King Louis XIVto give each of the Estates – the First Estate (the clergy), the Second Estate (the nobility) and the Third Estate, which consisted of the bourgeoisie (the middle class), the urban workers, and the peasants – the chance to express their hopes and grievances -
Cahiers
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Meeting of Estates General
Meeting of Estates General (May 5, 1789)
Opened by the King. The Estates General meeting was a huge opportunity for the poorest people of the Third estate to finally be heard by the King. It was decided that the votes will be hold by orders, 1 vote for each estate and not by head. The double representation was a fallacy. -
Tennis Court Oath
Tennis Court Oath (June 20, 1789)
In Versailles, France,the Third Estate represented the lower clergy.Met on the Jeu de Paume, an indoor tennis court. Louis XIV Legalized the "National Assembly." On June 20, 1789 they found themselves locked out of their regular meeting place, and so they gathered in an nearby tennis court and vowed that they would continue to meet until they had established a new constitution for France. This was the first step of the French Revolution. -
Storming of the Bastille
Storming of the Bastille (July 14,1789)
The Bastille was a medieval fortress 8 towers high. The Paris Mob went to the Bastille in search of more weapons and ammunition.The storming of the Bastille symbolically marked the beginning of the French Revolution, in which the monarchy was overthrown and a republic set up based on the ideas of ‘Liberté, égalité, fraternité’ (the French for liberty, equality and brotherhood). -
Great Fear
Great Fear (July 17- August 3, 1789)
The Great Fear was a general panic that occurred between 17 July and 3 August 1789 at the start of the French Revolution. Peasants burnt the records of nobles. Fearful peasants armed themselves in self-defense. Some believed that they were burning buildings and burning crops. -
End of Great Fear
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August Decrees (End Special Privileges)
August Decrees (End Special Privileges) Aug. 4,1789
The August Decrees were nineteen decrees made in August 1789 by the National Constituent Assembly during the French Revolution. End of special privleges for nobility, -
Declaration of the Rights of Man
Declaration of the Rights of Man (Aug. 26, 1789)
The basic principle of the Declaration was that all “men are born and remain free and equal in rights” Whcih basically becomes a basis for our own US Constitution.The sources of the Declaration included the major thinkers of the French Enlightenment, such as Montesquieu, who had urged the separation of powers, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, who wrote of general will—the concept that the state represents the general will of the citizens. -
Women March on Versailles
Women March on Versailles (Oct. 5,1789)
A group of women would go to the king and queens house and demand to see the baker and the baker's wife.Then they would just arrest the king and queen. The arrival of the National Guard on the scene determined to take the King back to Paris complicated things for the King. -
Civil Constitution of Clergy
Civil Constitution of Clergy (July 12,1790)
Civil Constitution of the Clergy, French Constitution, during the French Revolution, an attempt to reorganize the Roman Catholic Church in France on a national basis. It caused a break within the French Church and made many devout Catholics turn against the Revolution. -
Escape to Varennes (King Flees)
Escape to Varennes (King Flees) June 21, 1791
The Escape to Varennes was the royal family’s failed attempt to escape Paris in June 1791.Another factor in Louis’ decision to Escape Paris was his devout religious faith. The king was appalled by the Civil Constitution of the Clergy and its implications for the church in France. -
Declaration of Pilnitz
Declaration of Pilnitz (Aug. 26, 1791)
In August of 1791, Leopold II and Frederick William II issued the Declaration of Pillnitz, which declared that the restoration of absolute monarchy in France was in the interest of all European sovereigns. -
Emigres
Emigres 1792-1795
The sans-culottes were the common people of the lower classes in late 18th century France. Many of whom became radical and militant partisans of the French Revolution in response to their poor quality of life under the Ancien Regime. -
Emigres
Emigres 1792 -
Jacobins
Jacobins (March 16, 1793)
The Jacobins originated as the Club Breton at Versailles, where the deputies from Brittany to the Estates-General of 1789 met with deputies from other parts of France to concert their action. Society of the Jacobins were friends of liberty and equality. -
Committee of Public Safety
Committee of Public Safety (April- July 1793)
The Committee of Public Safety in April 1793 by the National Convention and then restructured in July 1793, formed the executive government in France during the Reign of Terror, a stage of the French Revolution. The role of protecting the newly established republic against foreign attacks and internal rebellion. -
End of Committee of Public Safety
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Reign of Terror
Reign of Terror (September 5,1793-July 28,1794)
Reign of Terror, also called The Terror, the period of the French Revolution from September 5, 1793, to July 27, 1794
The Reign of Terror was a period of violence.During the Reign of Terror, at least 300,000 suspects were arrested; 17,000 were officially executed, and perhaps 10,000 died in prison or without trial. -
End of Jacobins
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End of Reign of Terror
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End of Sans-Culottes
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End of Assignats
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Napoleon's Coup 18 Brumaire
Napoleon's Coup 18 Brumaire (Nov. 9-10, 1799)
The coup of 18 Brumaire brought General Napoleon Bonaparte to power as First Consul of France. Leading to the overthrow of the French Directory and replacing it with the French Consulate. Most historians thought this is what ened the French Revolution. -
Napoleonic Code
Napoleonic Code (March 21, 1804)
The Napoleonic Code is the French civil code established under Napoléon I in 1804. The code forbids priveleges based on birth, allowed freedom of religion, and specified that the government jobs should go to the people who are the most deserving and the most qualified for the job. -
Continental System
Continental System (Nov. 21,1806-April 11,1814)
Continetal System
Destruction of British Commerce
Proclaimed a blockade: neutrals and French allies were not to trade with the British. -
Napoleon's Invasion of Spain
Napoleon's Invasion of Spain (May 2, 1808-April 17,1814)
The Napoleonic Invasion of Spain was fought in the Iberian Peninsula, where the French were opposed by British, Spanish, and Portuguese forces. The conflict in Spain and Portugal, though costly, exercised only an indirect effect upon the progress of French affairs in central and eastern Europe. -
Napoleon's Invasion of Russia
Napoleon's Invasion of Russia (June 24,1812)
France and Russia had been tense allies. Russia had been violating the treaty by trading with England, and Napoleon, finally fed up, used this as an excuse to invade Russia. -
End of Inequality in France
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End of Continental System
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End of Napoleon's Invasion of Spain
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Waterloo
Waterloo (JUne 18, 1815)
The battle of Waterloo was fought on Sunday June 18, 1815 in what is now present day Belgium and then part of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands. A French army under the command of Napoleon Bonaparte. Defeated by two of the armies of the Seventh Coalition.
